{"id":30628,"date":"2023-10-22T08:13:50","date_gmt":"2023-10-22T16:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alexrusin.com\/?p=30628"},"modified":"2024-07-14T10:22:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-14T18:22:50","slug":"rest-api-request-validation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.alexrusin.com\/rest-api-request-validation\/","title":{"rendered":"REST API Request Validation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In this article we will look at how to validate POST requests to the REST API using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npmjs.com\/package\/joi\">Joi library<\/a>. Joi lets you describe your data using a simple, intuitive, and readable language. We will also look at how to turn Joi errors into 422 Validation Error API responses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Describe REST API Request Shema with Joi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We will be validating <code>POST \/v1\/travels<\/code> REST API request in travels API project. You can find the project in this <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/alexrusin\/travel-api-travels-service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub repository<\/a>. For more in depth explanation, please watch the video below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"REST API CRUD: Create Resource with Joi Validation\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XoUE3DDecfI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s describe the schema of this request with Joi. In the <code>middleware<\/code> folder let\u2019s create <code>requestSchemas.t<\/code>s file and put the following code.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nimport Joi from &quot;joi&quot;;\n\nexport const createTravelSchema = Joi.object({\n  name: Joi.string().min(3).max(30).required(),\n  description: Joi.string(),\n  number_of_days: Joi.number().integer().greater(0).required(),\n  is_public: Joi.bool().default(true),\n});\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the code above we describe incoming POST Request fields using Joi methods. Joi has a lot of methods, and you can find the ones for your specific use cases in <a href=\"https:\/\/joi.dev\/api\/?v=17.9.1\">Joi documentation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Validate Joi Schema in the Middleware<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Next in the middleware folder let\u2019s create <code>validateRequest.ts<\/code> middleware. We will use <code>validateAsync<\/code> Joi method to validate the request body. If <code>validateAsync<\/code> throws an error we will catch it and pass it to the <code>ErrorHandler<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nimport { NextFunction, Request, Response } from &quot;express&quot;;\nimport { ObjectSchema } from &quot;joi&quot;;\n\nexport default function validateRequest(schema: ObjectSchema) {\n  return async function validator(\n    req: Request,\n    res: Response,\n    next: NextFunction\n  ) {\n    if (!req.body) {\n      next();\n    }\n    try {\n      await schema.validateAsync(req.body, { abortEarly: false });\n    } catch (error) {\n      next(error);\n      return;\n    }\n    next();\n  };\n}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Add Request Validation Middleware to REST API Route<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, we will add <code>validateRequest<\/code> middleware we created to create travel route in <code>routes\/v1\/travels\/index.ts<\/code> file.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nimport express, { Router } from &quot;express&quot;;\nimport { listTravels, getTravel, createTravel } from &quot;.\/controller&quot;;\nimport validateRequest from &quot;..\/..\/..\/middleware\/validateRequest&quot;;\nimport { createTravelSchema } from &quot;..\/..\/..\/middleware\/requestSchemas&quot;;\n\nconst travels: Router = express.Router();\n\ntravels.get(&quot;\/&quot;, listTravels);\ntravels.get(&quot;\/:id&quot;, getTravel);\ntravels.post(&quot;\/&quot;, validateRequest(createTravelSchema), createTravel);\n\nexport default travels\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-afpb-list-table afpb__table_35fae337\" style=\"border-top:1px solid #d7b837;border-left:1px solid #d7b837;border-right:1px solid #d7b837\">\n<style>.afpb__btn_32f22d9f:hover{ color: #ffffff !important; background-color: #000000 !important; border-color: #d59215 !important; }#afpb__props_32f22d9f li:before{ color: #027000 !important;}<\/style><div class=\"wp-block-afpb-list-item\" style=\"background-color:#ffffff\"><div class=\"product_photo\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.alexrusin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BC2148_Affiliate-Evergreen-Banners_250x250-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30741\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.alexrusin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BC2148_Affiliate-Evergreen-Banners_250x250-2.jpeg 250w, https:\/\/blog.alexrusin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BC2148_Affiliate-Evergreen-Banners_250x250-2-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"product_content\"><h5 class=\"title_tag\" style=\"color:#333333\">Developing Back-End Apps with Node.js and Express<\/h5><div class=\"afpb__props_list\" id=\"afpb__props_32f22d9f\" style=\"color:#333333\"><ul><li>Create server-side applications using the Node.js JavaScript run time.\u00a0<\/li><li>Use npm to manage Node.js packages in your Node.js application.<\/li><li>Extend your Node.js applications with third-party packages and frameworks, including Express.\u00a0<\/li><li>Develop asynchronous\u202fcallback functions and promises to complete asynchronous operations.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"product__action_area\"><div class=\"product_rating\"><span class=\"rating_value\">4.5<\/span><div class=\"review-rating\" data-rate-value=\"4.5\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"product__btn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imp.i384100.net\/DKPn6y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"afpb__btn afpb__btn_32f22d9f\" style=\"color:#ffffff;background-color:#4377e0;border:0px none undefined;border-radius:0px\">Enroll Now<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-afpb-list-table afpb__table_e9eac44b\" style=\"border-top:1px solid #d7b837;border-left:1px solid #d7b837;border-right:1px solid #d7b837\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Return Joi Error as 422 REST API Validation Errors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After we catch Joi validation errors, we need to update <code>ErrorHandler<\/code> code to return 422 Validation errors to the users. First we create <code>ValidationError<\/code> type in <code>types.d.ts<\/code> file.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ntype ErrorCode = &quot;ERR_NF&quot; | &quot;ERR_REMOTE&quot; | &quot;NOT_IMPL&quot; | &quot;ERR_VALID&quot;;\n\ntype ValidationError = {\n  error: {\n    message: string;\n    code: ErrorCode;\n    errors: Array&lt;{ message: string }&gt;;\n  };\n};\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Then on line 15 of <code>ErroHandler.ts<\/code> file we add the following if block.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nif (Joi.isError(error)) {\n    const validationError: ValidationError = {\n      error: {\n        message: &quot;Validation error&quot;,\n        code: &quot;ERR_VALID&quot;,\n        errors: error.details.map((item) =&gt; ({\n          message: item.message,\n        })),\n      },\n    };\n    return res.status(422).json(validationError);\n  }\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>REST API request validation plays a critical role in building secure, reliable, and efficient web services. Joi library let&#8217;s you easily describe requests&#8217; payloads and validate them. If request validation fails, Joi errors can be handled to return 422 validation errors to the API users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npmjs.com\/package\/joi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Joi NPM Package<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/joi.dev\/api\/?v=17.9.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Joi Documentation<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article we will look at how to validate POST requests to the REST API using Joi library. Joi lets you describe your data using a simple, intuitive, and readable language. We will also look at how to turn Joi errors into 422 Validation Error API responses. Describe REST API Request Shema with Joi&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[30,17,33,31],"class_list":["post-30628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-javascript","tag-api-development","tag-javascript","tag-request-validation","tag-rest-api"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>REST API Request Validation | Alex Rusin Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Use Joi library to validate incoming requests to ensure security, integrity, and the seamless operation of your REST API\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.alexrusin.com\/rest-api-request-validation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"REST API Request Validation | Alex Rusin Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Use Joi library to validate incoming requests to ensure security, integrity, and the seamless operation of your REST API\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.alexrusin.com\/rest-api-request-validation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Alex Rusin Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-10-22T16:13:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-14T18:22:50+00:00\" 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